3D Printing of Continuous-Fibers Cementitious Composites
Anisotropic 3D Mortar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52825/ocp.v3i.193Keywords:
Cementitious composite, 3D printingAbstract
Significant developments in 3D concrete have been made over the past few decades. Yet, unreinforced printed components generally do not comply with existing construction standards or regulations and are therefore not used as load-bearing components. There is still a gap between research and use, and despite several proposals, standard commercial solutions for the reinforcement of 3D-printed structural members are still awaited. The proposed technology is inspired by the composites industry and called flow-based pultrusion for additive manufacturing. The reinforcement is provided by long and aligned fibers, and produces a transverse isotropic composite mortar. Here we show the first experimental setup, and the material tests performed on the printed material. An increase in tensile strength and ductility is shown. An industrial prototype, in collaboration with the company XtreeE, is being developed. This new equipment has made it possible to print beams of 1m50 whose intrados is reinforced with carbon fibres.
Downloads
References
Martinie, “Comportement rh ´eologique et mise en oeuvre des mat´ eriaux cimentaires fibrés,” Ph.D. dissertation, Universit ´e Paris-est, 2010.
A. M. Brandt, “Fibre reinforced cement-based (FRC) composites after over 40 years of development in building and civil engineering,” en, Composite Structures, vol. 86, no. 1-3, pp. 3–9, Nov. 2008, ISSN: 02638223. DOI: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2008.3.006. [Online]. Available: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0263822308000597 (visited on 05/03/2020).
F. Hamidi and F. Aslani, “Additive manufacturing of cementitious composites: Materials, methods, potentials, and challenges,” en, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 218, pp. 582–609, Sep. 2019, ISSN: 09500618. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.140. [Online]. Available: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0950061819313194 (visited on 04/29/2020).
K. Wille, S. El-Tawil, and A. Naaman, “Properties of strain hardening ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHP-FRC) under direct tensile loading,” en, Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 48, pp. 53–66, Apr. 2014, ISSN: 09589465. DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.12.015. [Online]. Available: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0958946514000055 (visited on 04/30/2020).
P. Rossi, “Ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concretes,” Concrete international, vol. December 1982, pp. 46–52, Dec. 1982.[6] P. Rossi, “Influence of fibre geometry and matrix maturity on the mechanical performanceof ultra high-performance cement-based composites,” en, Cement and Concrete Composites,vol. 37, pp. 246–248, Mar. 2013, ISSN: 09589465. DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.08.005. [Online]. Available: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0958946512001692 (visited on 05/04/2020).
V. C. Li, F. P. Bos, K. Yu, et al., “On the emergence of 3D printable Engineered, Strain Hardening Cementitious Composites (ECC/SHCC),” en, Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 132, p. 106 038, Jun. 2020, ISSN: 00088846. DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106038. [Online]. Available: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0008884620300557 (visited on 04/29/2020).
V. C. Li, “On Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC),” en, vol. 1, no. 3, p. 17, 2003.
P. Jun and V. Mechtcherine, “Behaviour of Strain-hardening Cement-based Composites (SHCC) under monotonic and cyclic tensile loading: Part 2 - Modelling,” en, Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 32, no. 10, pp. 810–818, Nov. 2010, ISSN: 09589465. DOI: 10. 1016/j.cemconcomp.2010.08.004. [Online]. Available: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0958946510001162 (visited on 11/16/2016).
J. Hegger and S. Voss, “Investigations on the bearing behaviour and application potential of textile reinforced concrete,” en, Engineering Structures, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 2050–2056, Jul. 2008, ISSN: 01410296. DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.01.006. [Online]. Available: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0141029608000126 (visited on 11/16/2016).
J. Hegger, M. Curbach, A. Stark, S. Wilhelm, and K. Farwig, “Innovative design Concepts: Application of textile reinforced concrete to shell structures,” en, Structural Concrete, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 637–646, Jun. 2018, ISSN: 14644177. DOI: 10.1002/suco.201700157. [Online]. Available: http : / / doi . wiley . com / 10 . 1002 / suco . 201700157 (visited on06/19/2020).
A. Peled and B. Mobasher, “Properties of Fabric–Cement Composites made by Pultrusion,” en, Materials and Structures, vol. 39, no. 8, pp. 787–797, Oct. 2006, ISSN: 1359-5997, 1871-6873. DOI: 10.1617/s11527-006-9171-3. [Online]. Available: http://link.springer.com/10.1617/s11527-006-9171-3 (visited on 05/13/2020).
A. Br¨uckner, R. Ortlepp, and M. Curbach, “Textile reinforced concrete for strengthening inbending and shear,” en, Materials and Structures, vol. 39, no. 8, pp. 741–748, Oct. 2006, ISSN: 1359-5997, 1871-6873. DOI: 10.1617/s11527- 005- 9027- 2. [Online]. Available: http://link.springer.com/10.1617/s11527-005-9027-2 (visited on 06/19/2020).
V. Mechtcherine, “Novel cement-based composites for the strengthening and repair of concrete structures,” en, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 41, pp. 365–373, Apr. 2013, ISSN: 09500618. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.11.117. [Online]. Available: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0950061812009555 (visited on 10/07/2019).
L. A. S. Kouris and T. C. Triantafillou, “State-of-the-art on strengthening of masonry structures with textile reinforced mortar (TRM),” en, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 188, pp. 1221–1233, Nov. 2018, ISSN: 09500618. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.08.039. [Online]. Available: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0950061818319792 (visited on 03/20/2019).
D. Asprone, C. Menna, F. P. Bos, T. A. Salet, J. Mata-Falc ´on, and W. Kaufmann, “Rethinking reinforcement for digital fabrication with concrete,” en, Cement and Concrete Research,vol. 112, pp. 111–121, Oct. 2018, ISSN: 00088846. DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.05.020. [Online]. Available: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0008884618300309 (visited on 01/06/2020).
H. Ogura, V. N. Nerella, and V. Mechtcherine, “Developing and Testing of Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites (SHCC) in the Context of 3D-Printing,” Materials, vol. 11, no. 8, p. 1375, Aug. 2018, ISSN: 1996-1944. DOI: 10.3390/ma11081375.
F. P. Bos, E. Bosco, and T. A. M. Salet, “Ductility of 3d printed concrete reinforced with short straight steel fibers,” en, Virtual and Physical Prototyping, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 160–174, Apr. 2019, ISSN: 1745-2759, 1745-2767. DOI: 10.1080/17452759.2018.1548069.[Online]. Available: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17452759.2018.1548069 (visited on 03/31/2019).
J. H. Lim, B. Panda, and Q.-C. Pham, “Improving flexural characteristics of 3d printed geopolymer composites with in-process steel cable reinforcement,” en, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 178, pp. 32–41, Jul. 2018, ISSN: 09500618. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.010. [Online]. Available: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0950061818310675 (visited on 08/31/2018).
F. Bos, Z. Ahmed, E. Jutinov, and T. Salet, “Experimental Exploration of Metal Cable as Reinforcement in 3d Printed Concrete,” en, Materials, vol. 10, no. 11, p. 1314, Nov. 2017,ISSN: 1996-1944. DOI: 10.3390/ma10111314. [Online]. Available: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/10/11/1314 (visited on 08/31/2018).
T. Marchment and J. Sanjayan, “Mesh reinforcing method for 3D Concrete Printing,” en, Automation in Construction, vol. 109, p. 102 992, Jan. 2020, ISSN: 09265805. DOI: 10.1016/j.autcon.2019.102992. [Online]. Available: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0926580519306132 (visited on 04/29/2020).
Caron et al. | Open Conf Proc 3 (2023) "Visions and Strategies for Reinforcing Additively Manufactured Constructions" [22] V. Mechtcherine, A. Michel, M. Liebscher, and T. Schmeier, “Extrusion-based additive manufacturing with carbon reinforced concrete: Concept and feasibility study,” Materials, vol. 13, no. 11, 2020, ISSN: 1996-1944. DOI: 10.3390/ma13112568. [Online]. Available: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/11/2568.
N. Ducoulombier, L. Demont, C. Chateau, M. Bornert, and J.-F. Caron, “Additive manufacturing of anisotropic concrete: A flow-based pultrusion of continuous fibers in a cementitious matrix.,” Procedia Manufacturing, vol. 47, pp. 1070–1077, 2020, 23rd International Conference on Material Forming, ISSN: 2351-9789. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.04.117. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351978920311732.
V. Mechtcherine, A. Michel, M. Liebscher, K. Schneider, and C. Großmann, “Mineralimpregnated carbon fiber composites as novel reinforcement for concrete construction: Material and automation perspectives,” Automation in Construction, vol. 110, p. 103 002, Feb. 2020, ISSN: 0926-5805. DOI: 10.1016/j.autcon.2019.103002.
T. Neef and V. Mechtcherine, “Simultaneous Integration of Continuous Mineral-Bonded Carbon Reinforcement Into Additive Manufacturing With Concrete,” Open Conference Proceedings, vol. 1, pp. 73–81, Feb. 2022, ISSN: 2749-5841. DOI: 10.52825/ocp.v1i.80.
J. Caron and N. Ducoulombier, “Method and device for manufacturing anisotropic concrete,” Patent, vol. wo2020249913/fr3097152, 2020.
L. Demont, N. Ducoulombier, R. Mesnil, and J.-F. Caron, “Flow-based pultrusion of continuous fibers for cement-based composite material and additive manufacturing: Rheological and technological requirements,” Composite Structures, vol. 262, p. 113 564,2021, ISSN: 0263-8223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.113564. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263822321000258.
J.-F. Caron, L. Demont, N. Ducoulombier, and R. Mesnil, “3d printing of mortar with continuous fibres: Principle, properties and potential for application,” Automation in Construction, vol. 129, p. 103 806, 2021, ISSN: 0926-5805. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.103806. [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0926580521002570.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Conference Proceedings Volume
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Jean-Francois Caron, Nicolas Ducoulombier, Leo Demont, Victor de Bono, Romain Mesnil
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Accepted 2023-12-06
Published 2023-12-15
